{"id":12406,"date":"2018-12-13T15:53:05","date_gmt":"2018-12-13T12:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/?p=12406"},"modified":"2021-05-11T16:02:21","modified_gmt":"2021-05-11T13:02:21","slug":"yekendiki-meschidler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/?p=12406","title":{"rendered":"\u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0644\u06d5\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u06be\u0649\u064a\u06d5\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u062c\u06c8\u0645\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u067e\u06c8\u062a\u0643\u06c8\u0644 \u0634\u06d5\u0631\u0642\u0649\u064a \u062a\u06c8\u0631\u0643\u0649\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0626\u06d5\u064a\u0646\u06d5\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u067e \u0642\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u06ad \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0628\u0649\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0634\u06d5\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0686\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 (\u0645\u0648\u063a\u06c7\u0644\u0649\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u06d5\u067e\u0645\u06c7 \u0626\u0627\u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u06c7) \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0649\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062a \u06be\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 (\u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u06c7\u06be\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062a \u06be\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0627\u062a\u0649\u0633\u0649)\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u06d5\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0649\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0649\u064a\u06d5 1466-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0631 \u062a\u06d5\u06cb\u06d5\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0686\u0627\u06be\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06c7 \u062f\u0649\u06af\u06d5\u0646 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06d5 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0626\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062c\u0649\u064a\u06d5\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06c7. \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0644\u064a\u06d5\u062a\u062a\u06d5 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u0643\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062f \u06be\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0649\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0649\u064a\u06d5 1463-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 1480-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u063a\u0649\u0686\u06d5 \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646\u0646\u0649 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0642\u06d5\u0634\u0642\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u06c7\u064a\u06c7\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0632\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0646 \u0633\u06c8\u067e\u0649\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06c7\u0631\u06cb\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u0632\u06af\u0649\u0644\u062f\u06d5 \u0626\u0648\u062a\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0649\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0686\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06ad\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0645\u06c7\u0633\u06c7\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0643\u06d5\u0644\u062a\u06c8\u0631\u06c8\u067e\u060c \u0626\u06c6\u0632 \u06be\u06c6\u0643\u06c8\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u06c7\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06be\u0643\u06d5\u0645\u0644\u06d5\u0634 \u0645\u06d5\u0642\u0633\u0649\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0686 \u0626\u0649\u0634\u0644\u06d5\u062a\u0645\u06d5\u064a \u062e\u0649\u0634 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0649\u0631\u0649\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e\u060c 52 \u06af\u06c8\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0643\u0649\u0686\u0649\u0643 \u06af\u06c8\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0649\u06af\u0649\u0632\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 5.5 \u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0649\u0626\u0627\u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u0649 2.6 \u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0634\u0649\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u067e \u0626\u0648\u062a\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0627 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0649\u0633\u0649\u063a\u0627 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u06c8\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0649\u06af\u0649\u0632\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 15 \u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0649\u0626\u0627\u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u0649 7.9\u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631 \u0643\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u06c7. \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0642\u06c7\u0644 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0633\u06c8\u067e\u0649\u062a\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0644\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0633\u060c \u064a\u06d5\u0646\u06d5 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0645 \u062a\u06d5\u06be\u0633\u0649\u0644 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0631\u0649\u0633\u06d5 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e \u0626\u0649\u0634\u0644\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0634\u0643\u0649\u0645\u06c7 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e \u0644\u0627\u06be\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u060c\u06be\u06d5\u0645 \u0643\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0646\u0643\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0626\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0634\u0649 \u0626\u06c8\u0686\u06c8\u0646 \u0626\u06c6\u0631\u0646\u06d5\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0628\u06c7\u0646\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0626\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06c7\u06cb\u0649 \u062f\u0649\u06af\u06d5\u0646 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06d5 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u067e\u0649\u0634\u0642\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0644\u0649\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0645\u06d5\u0644\u06c7\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0649\u0642\u0649\u067e \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0649\u0633\u0627\u060c \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u06c8\u0646\u06d5\u062a\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627 \u0686\u0649\u0642\u0649\u067e \u0686\u06c8\u0634\u0643\u06c8\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u06c8\u0633\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0642\u0648\u0646\u06c7\u067e \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0649\u00bb \u062f\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646. \u0643\u0649\u0634\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0626\u0627\u063a\u0632\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0645\u06c7 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649\u06cb\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0631\u0649\u06cb\u0627\u064a\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u067e \u0642\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646. \u0626\u06d5\u067e\u0633\u06c7\u0633 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0646\u0643\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u06cb\u06d5\u064a\u0631\u06d5\u0646 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u06cb\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646.
\n\u0626\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06d5\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0626\u06c6\u0632\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0642\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u0644\u0645\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u06c6\u0632\u06af\u0649\u0686\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0626\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06be\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u0634\u06be\u06c7\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649\u0645\u06c7 \u0642\u0649\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0626\u0649\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0626\u06c7\u064a\u063a\u06c7\u0631 \u062e\u06d5\u0644\u0642\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u0649\u06cb\u0649 \u0628\u0649\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u0626\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u06d5\u062a\u0642\u0649\u0642 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0634\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u06be\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u06c7\u06be\u0649\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u06be\u0645\u0649\u064a\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0649\u062e\u0649 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0627\u0633. \u0628\u0649\u0631\u0644\u0627 \u06cb\u0627\u0642\u0649\u062a\u062a\u0627 5000 \u0643\u0649\u0634\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0626\u0648\u0642\u06c7\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0633\u06d5\u0626\u0649\u062f\u0649\u064a\u06d5 \u0633\u06c7\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u06cb\u0627\u0642\u0649\u062a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0642\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0645 \u0631\u0649\u0645\u06c7\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0627 \u06be\u0627\u0632\u0649\u0631\u063a\u0649\u0686\u06d5 \u0631\u0649\u0645\u06c7\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0649\u0644\u06c7\u0642 \u0645\u06d5\u0644\u06c7\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c 550 \u064a\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u064a\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0646 \u06cb\u0627\u0642\u0649\u062a\u062a\u0649\u0646 \u0628\u06c7\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u06d5\u0646\u0649\u0644\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0633\u0644\u0649 \u06be\u0627\u0644\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u067e \u0643\u06d5\u0644\u0645\u06d5\u0643\u062a\u06d5.
\n1990-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u067e\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06c7\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u06c7\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062c\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u064a\u06d5\u062a \u064a\u0627\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0626\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0649\u00bb \u062f\u06d5\u067e \u0626\u0649\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646.
\n\u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0649
\n\u0634\u06d5\u0631\u0642\u0649\u064a \u062a\u06c8\u0631\u0643\u0649\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u06ad\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0628\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0626\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0631 \u0645\u06d5\u0631\u0643\u0649\u0632\u0649\u062f\u06d5\u060c \u0643\u06c6\u0644\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0686\u0648\u06ad\u060c \u0628\u0649\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u0626\u0649\u062a\u0649 \u0626\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06be\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f.\u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0633\u06d5\u0626\u0649\u062f\u0649\u064a\u06d5 \u0633\u06c7\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0632\u06af\u0649\u0644\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0628\u062f\u06c7\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u06cb\u0627\u0642\u0649\u062a\u062a\u0627 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646. 1734-\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0686\u0648\u06ad \u0631\u0649\u0645\u06c7\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646. 1870-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649 \u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649\u0646\u062c\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0645 \u0643\u0649\u06ad\u06d5\u064a\u062a\u0649\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0643\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0646 \u064a\u06d5\u0646\u06d5 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0646\u06d5\u0686\u0686\u06d5 \u0642\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0645 \u0631\u0649\u0645\u06c7\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u06d5 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0686 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06c7\u0646 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0642\u0649\u0632\u0649\u0644 \u062e\u0649\u0634\u062a\u0649\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u067e\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0626\u0649\u0686\u0643\u0649\u0631\u0649-\u062a\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0645\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u06c6\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u062f\u06c7\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0649\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0631\u0649\u0633\u06d5\u060c \u0643\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0646\u0643\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u060c\u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649 \u062a\u06d5\u0631\u0649\u067e\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0645\u0649\u06cb\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u063a \u06cb\u06d5 \u06cb\u06d5\u062e\u067e\u06d5 \u064a\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0626\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u06d5\u0631 \u0643\u06c6\u0644\u0649\u0645\u0649 20\u0645\u0649\u06ad \u0643\u0649\u06cb\u0627\u062f\u0649\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0643\u06c6\u067e\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cb\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u06cb\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u06c8\u0633\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0626\u06c6\u0632\u0626\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0649\u0645\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0643 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e \u0633\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646. \u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u06c7\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u06d5\u062f \u0643\u06c6\u062a\u06c8\u0631\u06c8\u067e \u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0649\u062f\u06c7. \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cb\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0626\u06c8\u0633\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0626\u0649\u06af\u0649\u0632\u060c \u0626\u06c7\u0686\u0644\u06c7\u0642 \u0642\u06c7\u0628\u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e \u0642\u06c7\u0628\u0628\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u0649\u0646\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u060c \u0626\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u06c8\u0633\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u062c \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634 \u0686\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u06c7\u062c\u06d5\u0643\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u0649\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0631\u0649\u0633\u06d5 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646 40 \u0646\u06d5\u0686\u0686\u06d5 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0626\u0649\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0626\u0648\u062a\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u0686\u06c6\u0631\u0649\u0633\u0649\u06af\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u062e \u062a\u0649\u0643\u0649\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646 \u0643\u06c6\u0644\u0686\u06d5\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u0626\u0649\u0686\u0643\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u0626\u0649\u0643\u0643\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0645\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u06c6\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u062f\u06c7\u060c \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0686 \u0642\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u0644\u0645\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0649\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0686\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u06c7\u067e \u064a\u0649\u067e\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646. \u0626\u0649\u0686\u0643\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06c8\u06cb\u0631\u06c8\u0643\u0644\u06c8\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u063a\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0633\u0645\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0649\u06be\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0649\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0626\u0649\u0634\u0649\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649 \u06be\u06d5\u0631 \u062e\u0649\u0644 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634\u0644\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u060c\u0626\u06c8\u0633\u0649\u062a\u0649\u06af\u06d5 \u062e\u0649\u0644\u0645\u06c7 \u062e\u0649\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0686\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u06d5\u0643\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0686\u0649\u0642\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u06d5\u06ad\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06be\u0644\u0649\u0632\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0626\u0649\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u06be\u0644\u0649\u0632 \u0626\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u062a\u06c8\u06cb\u0631\u06c8\u0643\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0626\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646. \u06be\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0649\u0631 \u062a\u06c8\u06cb\u0631\u06c8\u0643\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0634\u06d5\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634\u0649 \u0626\u0648\u062e\u0634\u0649\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u06be\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u0631\u0633\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u06c6\u0632\u06af\u0649\u0686\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u06c8\u062a\u0643\u06c8\u0644 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633 \u0642\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u0644\u0645\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u06d5\u0643 \u0645\u06c7\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u0643\u06d5\u067e \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u067e\u0649\u0633 \u06cb\u06d5 \u06af\u06c8\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0626\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06be\u0649\u062f\u06d5 \u0643\u06c6\u0632\u06af\u06d5 \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u06c8\u0646\u06d5\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0646\u0649 136 \u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06c8\u06cb\u0631\u06c8\u0643 \u0643\u06c6\u062a\u06c8\u0631\u06c8\u067e \u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0649\u062f\u06c7\u060c \u0626\u0649\u0686\u0643\u0649\u0631\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0628\u06d5\u0634 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u06d5\u06ad\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u00a0\u00a018 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u067e\u060c\u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0626\u0649 90 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c 26 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0649\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0686\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0649\u0686 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u06c7\u0644\u06c7\u067e \u064a\u0649\u067e\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646. 28 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0686\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634\u0644\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0649\u0686\u0649\u062f\u06d5 20 \u0646\u06d5\u0686\u0686\u06d5 \u06be\u06c7\u062c\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0649 \u06cb\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u06c8\u067e \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06c7\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06d5\u062c \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e\u060c \u06be\u06d5\u0631\u062e\u0649\u0644 \u0646\u06d5\u0642\u0649\u0634 \u06cb\u06d5 \u0631\u06d5\u06ad\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0631\u06d5\u0633\u0649\u0645 \u0628\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u0649\u0632\u06d5\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646. \u0631\u06d5\u06ad\u0644\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0628\u0649\u0632\u06d5\u0634 \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u0626\u0649\u062a\u0649 \u0626\u06c7\u064a\u063a\u06c7\u0631 \u0628\u0649\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0633\u06d5\u0646\u0626\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06c7\u06cb\u06d5\u067e\u0649\u0642\u064a\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u0626\u06d5\u0643\u0649\u0633 \u0626\u06d5\u062a\u062a\u06c8\u0631\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0649\u0631 \u06c7\u06be\u0649\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064a\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06d5. \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0649 1990-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649 \u0626\u0627\u067e\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06c7\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u06c7\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062c\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u064a\u06d5\u062a \u064a\u0627\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e \u0628\u0649\u0643\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0644\u06af\u06d5\u0646.
\n\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u06c7 \u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0649\u0632\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062f\u0649\u0646\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0632 \u06af\u06c8\u0644\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u067e \u062e\u06d5\u0644\u0642\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0632 \u0626\u06c8\u0686\u06c8\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u06d5\u062e\u0634 \u0626\u06d5\u062a\u0643\u06d5\u0646.
\n\u0626\u06c7 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u062e\u06d5\u0644\u0642\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0632\u0646\u0649\u06ad 600 \u064a\u0649\u0644\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06c7\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0649\u062e\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0626\u06d5\u0643\u0649\u0633 \u0626\u06d5\u062a\u062a\u06c8\u0631\u06c8\u067e \u0628\u0649\u0631\u06d5\u0644\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06c7.
\n\u0642\u06d0\u0631\u0649\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0643\u0649\u0644\u0649\u067e\u060c \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u06c8\u067e \u0645\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u064a\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0632\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0649\u062e\u0649\u0645\u06c7 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u06c7\u067e \u064a\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0634\u0649\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0686\u06c8\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0686\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0649\u062e\u0649\u0645\u06c7 \u0686\u0648\u06ad\u0642\u06c7\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0649\u0634\u0649\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0649\u0644\u0644\u0649\u064a \u0631\u0648\u06be\u0642\u0627 \u0626\u0649\u06af\u06d5 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06c7\u0634\u0649\u0646\u0649 \u0626\u06c8\u0645\u0649\u062f \u0642\u0649\u0644\u0649\u0645\u0649\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u0628\u06d5: \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 1-\u0626\u0648\u062a\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06d5\u0643\u062a\u06d5\u067e \u062a\u06d5\u0631\u0649\u067e\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u062a\u06c8\u0632\u06c8\u0644\u06c8\u067e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0649\u062a\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c «\u0645\u06c7\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u06c7\u0631\u062a\u0649 \u2013 \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646» \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0643\u0649\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u06be\u0649\u064a\u06d5\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u062c\u06c8\u0645\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u067e\u06c8\u062a\u0643\u06c8\u0644 \u0634\u06d5\u0631\u0642\u0649\u064a \u062a\u06c8\u0631\u0643\u0649\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0626\u06d5\u064a\u0646\u06d5\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0649\u0646\u0649\u067e \u0642\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u06ad \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u0649\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0644\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0628\u0649\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f \u0634\u06d5\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0686\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 (\u0645\u0648\u063a\u06c7\u0644\u0649\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u06d5\u067e\u0645\u06c7 \u0626\u0627\u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u06c7) \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0649\u0631\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062a \u06be\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 (\u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u06c7\u06be\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062a \u06be\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0627\u062a\u0649\u0633\u0649)\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u06d5\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0649\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0649\u064a\u06d5 1466-\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u06d5\u06be\u06d5\u0631 \u062a\u06d5\u06cb\u06d5\u0633\u0649\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \u0686\u0627\u06be\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06c7 \u062f\u0649\u06af\u06d5\u0646 \u064a\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06d5 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0649\u0644\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06c7 \u0645\u06d5\u0633\u0686\u0649\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0626\u06c7\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u062c\u0649\u064a\u06d5\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06c7. \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0644\u064a\u06d5\u062a\u062a\u06d5 \u0645\u0649\u0631\u0632\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medeniyet-tarix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12406"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":162873,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12406\/revisions\/162873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademiye.org\/ug\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}